PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1									247.2
		Induan											251.2
		Induan						Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Permian 4				Kathwai					251.902
													252.4 *
								Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Chhidru			Longtanian †		254.14
								Kalabagh					255 *
								Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller										259.51
		Wordian	Leine										264.28
													265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian		Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1					433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4					Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3					Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1								529
													538.8