PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian						Bumbanian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan									56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian										66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic										100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes													259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian													283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel												297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel												298.9
				Stephanian	Stephanian C											300.3 *
					Stephanian B											300.9 *
					Stephanian A											301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A											303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian											305 *
		Moscovian			Cantabrian											307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D				307.4 *
					Westphalian C				309.8
					Westphalian B				314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B				315.2
					Westphalian A				317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian				318.8 *
					Marsdenian				320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian				321.5 *
					Alportian				322 *
					Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian				323.2
					Arnsbergian				324 *
					Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †				330.9
				Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Idamean	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
									Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
									Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian							Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian							Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian	Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
									Templetonian				505.3
			Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
										Toyonian		510 *
										Toyonian		510.8 *
										Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian		514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian		521
																525.5