PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean								Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean		Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean		Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian		Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian		Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian		Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian		Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian		Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian		Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes			Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian				Wordian								264.28
		Roadian				Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian	Autunian				Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian			Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Idamean	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
									Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
									Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian							Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian							Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian	Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
									Templetonian				505.3
									Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
										Toyonian			510 *
										Toyonian			510.8 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian			514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian			521
														525.5