PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †			Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene	Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene	Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene	Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene	Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan									251.2
		Induan	Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai						Permian 4		251.902
											252.4 *
			Chhidru								252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	Zechstein		Longtanian †					254.14
			Kalabagh								255 *
			Wargal								256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian									264.28
											265.3 *
			Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb				Permian 3		266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1			407.6
		Pragian							Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
											538.8