PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Ordovician of Britain				Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan										Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein			Kathwai				251.902
																252.4 *
												Chhidru				252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian										Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
												Kalabagh				255 *
												Wargal				256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller							259.51
		Wordian	Wordian						Leine							264.28
																265.3 *
												Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Roadian									Amb				266.9
		Roadian	Roadian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian												273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian												281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian												283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian												286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill		Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †			456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian					470
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
						Tremadoc		Cressagian					480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8