PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian				Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
		Carnian				Oretian										227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian				Etalian										238
		Anisian				Etalian										242
		Anisian				Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian										249
		Induan				Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan					Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein				Kathwai					251.902
																252.4 *
											Chhidru					252.9 *
						Waiitian										253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian								Longtanian †		254.14
			Puruhauan	254.2
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian	Wordian				Leine		264.28
									265.3 *
						Barettian			266
				Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian	Roadian	Amb					266.9
		Roadian	Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian						Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
						Telfordian				285
			Wolfcampian			Telfordian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli										Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian										Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian										Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian									Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
		Aeronian									Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian									Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8