PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel										297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel										298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C									300.3 *
				Stephanian B									300.9 *
				Stephanian A									301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A									303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian									305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian									307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian						Idamean	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
								Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
								Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian						Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian						Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian	Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
								Templetonian				505.3
								Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
									Toyonian			510 *
									Toyonian			510.8 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
													525.5