PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Siberia			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of North America					Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian									283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel															297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel															298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C														300.3 *
				Stephanian B														300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
							Edenian			450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian			453
							Turinian			453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean					477.7
							Stairsian					480.3 *
							Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
											Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
								Aksaian						490.7 *
								Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †			497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan							509
								Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
								Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian							514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian							521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																		538.8