PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian										Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian											Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
													Filipovian				276.5 *
													Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian										Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
													Irginian				285.9 *
													Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian										Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
													Uskalykian				294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †		298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
					Dalaun	305.8 *
						305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
							Eastonian		Richmondian	449 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
							Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian									453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian					Yapeenian					467.3
							Castlemainian					468.5 *
							Castlemainian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Bendigonian						471.8 *
							Lancefieldian						473.5 *
									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
							Warendian					Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8