PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian												7.246
		Serravallian		Sarmatian												11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian												12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian						Wordian								264.28
		Roadian						Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian							Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †						Nealian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian													298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian													303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian													305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian													307
		Moscovian	Atokan													312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
		Visean	Chesterian		330.9
			Meramecian		335.8 *
			Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
										Payntonian		486.8 *
										Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian			489.5
											Aksaian		490.7 *
											Sakian		492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian			Albertian †	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
											Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
											Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian									Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan					Topazan				Templetonian	Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
							Topazan								505.3
							Delamaran								506.5
											Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †					509
												Toyonian			510 *
															510.8 *
							Dyeran								511 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3													514
							Montezuman								514.8 *
							Montezuman					Atdabanian			515.6 *
							Begadean	519.9 *				Atdabanian
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
																538.8