PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126006 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian						Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian					Ruscinian								3.1 *
		Zanclean					Ruscinian								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Turolian								5.333
		Tortonian					Turolian								7.246
		Tortonian					Vallesian								8.7
		Serravallian					Astaracian								11.63
		Langhian					Astaracian								13.82
		Burdigalian					Orleanian								15.98
		Burdigalian					Agenian								20
		Aquitanian					Agenian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian										66
		Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan										72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan						Kathwai							251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Kathwai							251.902
															252.4 *
								Chhidru							252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian		Chhidru						Longtanian †	254.14
								Kalabagh							255 *
								Wargal							256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian									259.51
		Wordian													264.28
															265.3 *
								Amb							266.1 *
						Murgabian									266.2 *
		Roadian													266.9
		Roadian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian			Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
							Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
															509