PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene	Tarantian	Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene	Ionian					0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene		Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene		Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene		Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian						Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene		Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene		Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene		Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian						Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian						Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †							298.9
Kasimovian				303.7			Mapingian †
Kasimovian					305.9
Moscovian					307
Bashkirian					315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
														1400