PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean								Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian					Wordian								264.28
		Roadian					Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
						Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
						Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope		Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10								Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian		489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian								Idamean	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
										Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
										Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian								Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian								Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan								Templetonian	Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
										Templetonian				505.3
										Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
											Toyonian			510 *
											Toyonian			510.8 *
											Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian			514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian			521
															525.5