PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian														346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden								358.9
			Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
			Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
			Niagaran	Kaugetuma		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Raikkula		439.4 *
			Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
								Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
								Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian					458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
								Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
								Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian					470
								Bendigonian					471.8 *
								Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian						Warendian	Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
																509