PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of China			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian					0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Yushean			Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean										Yushean					3.6
				Zanclean										Baodean					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian										Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian										Tunggurian					11.63
				Langhian										Shanwangian					13.82
				Burdigalian										Shanwangian					15.98
				Burdigalian										Xiejiaan					16.9
				Aquitanian										Xiejiaan					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
				Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian								Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian									259.51
				Wordian						Urzhumian									264.28
				Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
				Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
										Filipovian									276.5 *
										Saraninian									280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian			445.2
							Cautleyan				448.9 *
							Pusgillian				449.3 *
							Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
						Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Guniu †/Hulo		461.3 *
										Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
			Dapingian						Dapingian				467.3
			Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian		Dapingian				468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian		Yiyangian				470
							Whitlandian						471.1 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian		Xinchangian				477.7
							Migneintian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
	Cressagian						480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian		485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian															635
			Tonian															720
			Tonian													Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau		1000
			Stenian													Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian	1200												Yurmatian
			Ectasian	Burzyan	1375
																			1400