PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene	Tarantian						0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	Ionian						0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene			Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene			Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene			Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene			Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene			Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene			Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene			Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene			Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian										Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian										Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian										Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian										Permian 1				293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel					Permian 1				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9			Kuzel
				Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B	300.9 *
					Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4		453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				470
							Whitlandian				471.1 *
							Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian		Ordovician 1		477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan							Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1					529
																538.8