PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Silurian of North America			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian				100.5
											Middle Albian				106.2 *
											Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian				113
		Aptian									Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian				139.8
											Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
											Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian				174.7
											Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
											Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian									Sevatian				208.5
											Alaunian				213.2 *
											Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian									Tuvalian				227
		Carnian									Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian				237
		Ladinian									Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian									Illyrian				242
											Pelsonian				243.8 *
											Bithynian				244.7 *
											Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian			303.7
			Khamovnikian			304.8
			Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian			307
			Podolskian			308.9 *
			Kashirian			311.4 *
			Vereian			313.8
			Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian			315.2
			Cheremshanian			316.9 *
			Prikamian			318.6 *
			Severokeltmian			319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
			Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			323.2
			Protvian			324.4 *
			Steshevian			326.8 *
			Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Venevian			330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian			339.9 *
			Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian			346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill		Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan				445.2
				Cautleyan				448.9 *
				Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
					Cheneyan			451.5 *
					Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
						Actonian †		453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †		454.2 *
						Longvillian †				455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †				456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian					470
					Whitlandian					471.1 *
					Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian	Branchian			509
		Stage 3									Branchian			514
		Stage 3									Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8