PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian								Bursumian †								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian								298.9
		Kasimovian								Missourian								303.7
		Kasimovian								Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian								Desmoinesian								307
		Moscovian								Atokan								312.7 *
		Bashkirian								Atokan								315.2
		Bashkirian								Morrowan								318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chesterian								323.2
		Visean	330.9							Chesterian
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian	Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju		Porkuni		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Vormsi		Kralodvorian		449.6 *
							Vormsi		Berounian		449.7 *
							Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
							Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
							Haljala					453.9
							Haljala					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse							456.4 *
							Uhaku				Aluoja †			457.5 *
										Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Lasnamagi		Dobrotivian					458.9 *
							Lasnamagi		Oretanian					459.7 *
							Aseri							460.4 *
							Aseri			Sarka †				461.7 *
					Oeland		Kunda							462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
							Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
									Arenigian						468
							Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg		Tremadocian						477.7
							Varangu								481.3 *
							Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort								485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509