PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian Subages	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Vorohuean							Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan								3.6
					Montehermosan								3.7 *
					Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
					Chasicoan								7.9 *
					Mayoan								9.9 *
					Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene	Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian			Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian			Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	Friasian								15.98
					Santacrucian								16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene									27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene	Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene	Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene	Riochican								56
					Itaboraian								56.9 *
					Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Induan	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai			251.902
						252.4 *
			Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh				255 *
			Wargal				256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
			Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb				266.9
		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian					443.8
		Katian			Bolindian					445.2
					Eastonian					449 *
					Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian			Yapeenian					467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian					470
					Bendigonian					471.8 *
					Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian					477.7
		Tremadocian			Warendian					482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
													509