PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of China		Ordovician of North America				Devonian Subages	Silurian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
		Induan																	251.2
		Induan														Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														Kathwai			251.902
																			252.4 *
																Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian														Chhidru		Longtanian †	254.14
																Kalabagh			255 *
																Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
																			265.3 *
																Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian														Amb			266.9
		Roadian																	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
			Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	Lockportian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian						Gamachian	445.2
				Chientangkiangian						Richmondian	446 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Richmondian	449.5
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Yiyangian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian										477.7
								Lianghekou †						477.9 *
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Stage 10									Niuchehean				487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian									Paibian				494
		Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									Drumian	Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan									Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Nangaoian						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian						530.7
																			538.8