PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian										Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian											Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
													Filipovian				276.5 *
													Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian										Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
													Irginian				285.9 *
													Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian										Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
													Uskalykian				294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian				Gamachian	445.2
					Chientangkiangian				Richmondian	446 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Richmondian	449.5
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian			Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Yiyangian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian								477.7
							Lianghekou †						477.9 *
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8