PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			European Faunal Units	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian								Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian				Ruscinian										3.1 *
		Zanclean				Ruscinian										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian										5.333
		Tortonian				Turolian										7.246
		Tortonian				Vallesian										8.7
		Serravallian				Astaracian										11.63
		Langhian				Astaracian										13.82
		Burdigalian				Orleanian										15.98
		Burdigalian				Agenian										20
		Aquitanian				Agenian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian			Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Chientangkiangian			Eastonian			449 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
								Berounian		449.7 *
							Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian					458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian			Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
							Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
							Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			Chewtonian					470
							Bendigonian					471.8 *
							Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Tremadocian				477.7
						Lianghekou †						477.9 *
						Lianghekou †	Warendian					482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Branchian			509
		Stage 3										Branchian			514
		Stage 3										Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8