PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian														0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean												Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean														3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean														4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian														11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian														11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian														13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian														15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan														16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
		Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian													Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian														Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian													Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian													Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
																Filipovian				276.5 *
																Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian					Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
									Eastonian			449 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
									Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian											453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian					458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Darriwilian					466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian			Yapeenian					467.3
									Castlemainian					468.5 *
									Castlemainian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
									Bendigonian						471.8 *
									Lancefieldian						473.5 *
											Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian									477.7
								Lianghekou †							477.9 *
											Stairsian				480.3 *
											Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
									Warendian					Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3																514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																529
																				538.8