PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean							Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean							Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian							Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian							Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian							Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian							Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian							Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian					66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic					100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian					125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
				Bajocian					Humphresianum						168.4
				Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
				Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
				Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
				Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian				485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian							489.5
				Aksaian							490.7 *
				Sakian							492.2 *
			Paibian							494
			Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian			Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian							499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian							500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian					509
				Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
				Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian					514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian					515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian						Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau				1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan				1375
															1400