PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
		Induan															251.2
		Induan										Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein				Kathwai					251.902
																	252.4 *
												Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian										Chhidru			Longtanian †		254.14
												Kalabagh					255 *
												Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		Ohre/Aller									259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		Leine									264.28
																	265.3 *
												Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian				Roadian						Amb					266.9
		Roadian				Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian										283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
		Sakmarian	290.1				Lenoxian
		Asselian	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian					489.5
									Aksaian					490.7 *
									Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian				Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan				Early Cambrian			509
									Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
									Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian							514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian							521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																	538.8