PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian												346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
				Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
				Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
				Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
				Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian					470
				Bendigonian					471.8 *
				Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
				Warendian					482.8 *
				Warendian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian							489.5
				Aksaian							490.7 *
				Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian									499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan									509
				Toyonian	Lenian †								510 *
				Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian									514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †								529
														538.8