PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian													11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
					Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
					Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian		Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
					Castlemainian					468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian					470
					Bendigonian					471.8 *
					Lancefieldian					473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
					Warendian					482.8 *
					Warendian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian							489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †	497
					Ayusokkanian								Arcadian	498.4
					Mayan/Menevian									499.5
			Drumian		Mayan/Menevian									500.5
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan							Branchian			509
	Toyonian				Lenian †	510 *
	Botomian					512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3			514
	Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Atdabanian					Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														1000
		Ectasian														1200
		Calymmian														1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian														1600
		Orosirian														1800
		Rhyacian														2050
		Siderian														2300
Archean	Neoarchean															2500
	Mesoarchean															2800
	Paleoarchean															3200
	Eoarchean															3600
Hadean																4000
																	4600