PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian												0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan												1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan												1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian											Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian												3
		Zanclean					Waipipian												3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian												3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan												7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan												11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan												11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian												13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian												13.82
							Clifdenian												15.1
						Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian												15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian												20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian												23.03
							Duntroonian												25.2
							Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
						Arnold	Runangan												34.6
							Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan												37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian												41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
							Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan												47.8
							Mangaorapan												48.9
							Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian												56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian												66
		Campanian					Haumurian												72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan												83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
							Mangaotanean												90.5
							Arowhanan												93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan												93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
							Motuan												99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan												100.5
							Urutawan												103.3
						Taitai	Korangan												108.4
		Aptian					Korangan												113
		Aptian																	117.5
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
						Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian				264.28
									265.3 *
				Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
						Filipovian			276.5 *
						Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian						Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian						Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
										Aksaian						490.7 *
										Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian				Middle Cambrian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian				Amgan/Solvan								509
								Toyonian		Lenian †						510 *
								Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian								514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian								521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †						529
																			538.8