PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Eastonian			Kralodvorian		449 *
				Eastonian			Berounian		449.7 *
				Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian							458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian				Klabava †			467.3
				Yapeenian			Arenigian				468
				Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian							470
				Bendigonian							471.8 *
				Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian			Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian			509
		Stage 3									Branchian			514
		Stage 3									Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8