PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian										298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian										303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian										305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian										307
		Moscovian			Atokan										312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan										315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan										318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian										323.2
		Visean	330.9		Chesterian
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
						Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
						Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian					458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
						Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
						Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian					470
						Bendigonian					471.8 *
						Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Warendian	Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10					Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai								509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8