PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian	Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic	Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7			Carboniferous 5
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Bolindian		443.8
		Katian		Bolindian		445.2
				Eastonian		449 *
				Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		470
				Bendigonian		471.8 *
				Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Cambrian 5	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10		Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids		Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai		Cambrian 3	Branchian	Early Cambrian			509
		Stage 3			Cambrian 2	Branchian				514
		Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1					529
											538.8