PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of North America			Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
		Induan											251.2
		Induan								Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai			251.902
													252.4 *
										Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru		Longtanian †	254.14
										Kalabagh			255 *
										Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
													265.3 *
										Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian								Amb			266.9
		Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		Series 3 †		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8