PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian						0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Ionian						0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene			Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene			Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7	Carboniferous 5
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
										538.8