PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian										259.51
				Wordian				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian										264.28
				Roadian				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian											273.01
				Kungurian					Hessian											281.9 *
				Artinskian					Hessian											283.5
				Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
				Sakmarian					Lenoxian											290.1
				Asselian					Nealian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan				445.2
							Cautleyan				448.9 *
							Pusgillian				449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
							Whitlandian						471.1 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian													500.5
			Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										Branchian	Early Cambrian			509
	Stage 3		514										Branchian
	Stage 3		Placentian										517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian					538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian								Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau				1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
																				1400