PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian			Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian			Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian			Permian 3											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2											273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian			Permian 1											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5											298.9
Kasimovian				303.7			Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
			Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10										487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Series 3 †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian													Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau		1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan		1375
																		1400