PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian						Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian							3
				Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian							23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian							41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan							47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian							56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
							Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
							Urutawan							103.3
						Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian			Korangan							113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	Buntsandstein		251.902
								252.4 *
					Chhidru			252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh				255 *
					Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller			259.51
			Wordian			Leine			264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb				266.9
			Roadian						270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian							305.9
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
			Aeronian							Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
			Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian							485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian								509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400