PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran													0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian													0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian													0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan													1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan													1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian													2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian												Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian													3
		Zanclean		Waipipian													3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian													3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan													7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan													7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan													11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan													11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian													13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian													13.82
				Clifdenian													15.1
			Pareora	Altonian													15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian													15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian													18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian													20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian													21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian													23.03
				Duntroonian													25.2
				Whaingaroan													27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
			Arnold	Runangan													34.6
				Kaiatan													36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan													37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian													39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian													41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
				Heretaungan													45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan													47.8
				Mangaorapan													48.9
				Waipawan													52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian													56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian													66
		Campanian		Haumurian													72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan													83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
				Mangaotanean													90.5
				Arowhanan													93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan													93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
				Motuan													99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan													100.5
				Urutawan													103.3
			Taitai	Korangan													108.4
		Aptian		Korangan													113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
							Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian			264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian					427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian					429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian						Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian						Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8