PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran															0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian															0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian															0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan															1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan															1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian															2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									Villanyian					Tertiary †	2.58
				Waipipian									Villanyian						3
													Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian															3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									Turolian						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan															7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
													Vallesian						8.7
			Southland	Waiauan									Vallesian						11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan									Astaracian						11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian															13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian															13.82
				Clifdenian															15.1
			Pareora	Altonian															15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian									Orleanian						15.98
				Otaian									Orleanian						18.7
													Agenian						20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian															21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian															23.03
				Duntroonian															25.2
				Whaingaroan															27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan															34.6
				Kaiatan															36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan															37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian															39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian															41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan															42.6
				Heretaungan															45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan															47.8
				Mangaorapan															48.9
				Waipawan															52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian															56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian															66
		Campanian		Haumurian															72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan															83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan															86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
				Mangaotanean															90.5
				Arowhanan															93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan															93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian															95.2
				Motuan															99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan															100.5
				Urutawan															103.3
			Taitai	Korangan															108.4
		Aptian		Korangan															113
		Aptian																	117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian		259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian						266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian					Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
									Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
			Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
			Edenian									450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian								453
				Turinian								453.7 *
				Turinian								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian						Canadian †			Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †				467.3
										Arenigian					468
				Rangerian											469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian										Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean												473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean						Tremadocian						477.7
				Stairsian												480.3 *
				Skullrockian											Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian												485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †										504.5
																			509