PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				Yushean			Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
				Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
						Opoitian								3.7
						Opoitian				Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
										Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian				Shanwangian				13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian										15.98
										Xiejiaan				16.9
						Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
				Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian		Korangan								113
				Aptian										117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian				Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian				Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian						509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian								Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau		1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan		1375
														1400