PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
		Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
				Clifdenian											15.1
			Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
				Duntroonian											25.2
				Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
			Arnold	Runangan											34.6
				Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
				Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
				Mangaorapan											48.9
				Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
				Mangaotanean											90.5
				Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
				Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
				Urutawan											103.3
			Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian		Korangan											113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian			Wordian		264.28
		Roadian			Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
											Payntonian		486.8 *
			Sunwaptan								Payntonian		487.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
			Steptoean										493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean								Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †							Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
											Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
											Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian									Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Topazan			Templetonian					Stage 5 †	Tuesaian		504.5
			Topazan											505.3
			Delamaran											506.5
						Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Waucoban †										509
												Toyonian		510 *
														510.8 *
			Dyeran											511 *
												Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
			Montezuman											514.8 *
			Montezuman									Atdabanian		515.6 *
			Begadean									Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian		521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian												529
															538.8