PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian						47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan								113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian						Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian	323.2
		Visean						Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian						Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian			433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian						489.5
			Aksaian						490.7 *
			Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
			Toyonian							510 *
			Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian							514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
												525.5