PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 5											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan														150
						Heterian														154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan														164.3
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan														176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan			Jurassic 2											184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran			Jurassic 2											188.9
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian		Warepan														208.5
						Otamitan														217
						Oretian														221
				Carnian		Oretian			Triassic 3											227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan			Triassic 3											227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan			Triassic 2											237
				Ladinian		Etalian														238
				Anisian		Etalian														242
				Anisian		Malakovian														246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			Triassic 1											247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian														249
Induan				251.2		Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			266
			Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1					433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian									Gamachian	445.2
												Richmondian	446 *
												Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian		450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4						Chatfieldian		453
												Turinian		453.7 *
											Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3									458.4
			Dapingian			Ordovician 2									467.3
			Dapingian									Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian									Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Ordovician 1						Tulean				477.7
												Stairsian				480.3 *
												Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5						Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10													487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
			Paibian													494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4										Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			Cambrian 4											500.5
			Wuliuan			Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †										504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3											509
		Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2											514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521			Cambrian 2
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian															Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau		1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan		1375
																				1400