PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Villanyian						Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian											Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean											Ruscinian							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Turolian							5.333
		Tortonian											Turolian							7.246
		Tortonian											Vallesian							8.7
		Serravallian											Astaracian							11.63
		Langhian											Astaracian							13.82
		Burdigalian											Orleanian							15.98
		Burdigalian											Agenian							20
		Aquitanian											Agenian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan																145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan																149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan																150
				Heterian																154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan																164.3
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan																176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan																184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran																188.9
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian																201.4
		Norian		Warepan																208.5
				Otamitan																217
				Oretian																221
		Carnian		Oretian																227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan																227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan																237
		Ladinian		Etalian																238
		Anisian		Etalian																242
		Anisian		Malakovian																246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian																247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian																249
		Induan		Nelsonian																251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian		Kathwai						251.902
																				252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
				Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan				254.2
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian		259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
				Barettian				266
					Amb			266.1 *
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian						266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian		273.01
				Mangapirian		Kubergandian		276
						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
				Telfordian				285
				Telfordian		Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
										Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
										Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
										Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian				450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian				453
										Turinian				453.7 *
										Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian															458.4
											Dobrotivian						458.5 *
											Oretanian						459.7 *
												Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
										Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
										Stairsian								480.3 *
										Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian								485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †								497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509