PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of North America						Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian				Zechstein									Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian				Rotliegendes										259.51
		Wordian		Midian														264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian														266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian														273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian														279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian				Autunian										283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian														286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian								Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509