PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian								7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian								11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian								12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
				Induan									251.2
				Induan					Kathwai				251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai				251.902
													252.4 *
									Chhidru				252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian					Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
									Kalabagh				255 *
									Wargal				256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
						265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian		266.9
				Roadian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	298.9
				Kasimovian		Mapingian †	303.7
				Kasimovian			305.9
				Moscovian			307
				Bashkirian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian	407.6
				Lochkovian	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
			Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
			Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
				Gorstian				425.6
				Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
			Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
				Homerian	Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
				Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
				Telychian				436.3 *
				Aeronian				438.5
				Aeronian	Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
				Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park			440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
				Katian				445.2
				Sandbian				453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	485.4
				Jiangshanian					489.5
				Paibian					494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
				Drumian						500.5
				Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian			509
			Series 2	Stage 3							514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
			Ectasian									1200
			Calymmian									1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
			Orosirian									1800
			Rhyacian									2050
			Siderian									2300
	Archean	Neoarchean										2500
		Mesoarchean										2800
		Paleoarchean										3200
		Eoarchean										3600
Hadean		4000
													4600