PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian												11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian												12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian					Wordian								264.28
		Roadian					Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian						Nealian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
					Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
						440.7 *
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
									Payntonian		486.8 *
									Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian			489.5
										Aksaian		490.7 *
										Sakian		492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian			Albertian †	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
										Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian		499
										Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian								Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian								Floran	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Topazan				Templetonian	Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
						Topazan								505.3
						Delamaran								506.5
										Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †					509
											Toyonian			510 *
														510.8 *
						Dyeran								511 *
											Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
						Montezuman								514.8 *
						Montezuman					Atdabanian			515.6 *
						Begadean					Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian												529
															538.8