International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cretaceous Subepochs | Silurian of North America | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | Tertiary † | 2.58 | |||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | ||||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Senonian | 66 | ||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Gallic | 100.5 | |||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||
| Hauterivian | Neocomian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | ||||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Cayugan | 419.2 | |||||||||
| Niagaran | 422.5 * | |||||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | Lockportian | 427.4 | |||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Ontarian | 433.4 | |||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||
| Alexandrian | 438.7 * | |||||||||||
| Medinan | Clinton | 440.1 * | ||||||||||
| 440.7 * | ||||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | |||||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | |||||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Series 3 † | 497 | |||||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||||
| Wuliuan | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | ||||||||||
| 509 | ||||||||||||