PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene	Tarantian	Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene	Ionian				0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene		Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene		Yushean			3.6
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene		Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian						Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene		Tunggurian			11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene		Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene		Shanwangian			15.98
				Burdigalian						Xiejiaan			16.9
				Aquitanian						Xiejiaan			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian		Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan			Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †						298.9
Kasimovian				303.7			Mapingian †
Kasimovian							305.9
Moscovian							307
Bashkirian							315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian						Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau		1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan		1375
													1400