PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of China			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian			0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean		Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
					Hemphillian								4.7
										Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
					Clarendonian								9.4
										Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian									11.63
				Serravallian	Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian						Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
					Hemingfordian								16.3
					Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
					Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
					Whitneyan								29.5
					Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian								47.8
					Wasatchian								50.5
					Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian	Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian		453	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian				485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian				Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian						509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400