PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of England		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian										0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian										0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan										0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan										0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean									Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan										3.6
			Montehermosan										3.7 *
			Huayquerian										4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
			Chasicoan										7.9 *
			Mayoan										9.9 *
			Laventan										10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan										11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran										13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran										13.82
		Langhian	Friasian										15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian										15.98
			Santacrucian										16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan										20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican										28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican										33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan										35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan										41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan										47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran										47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican										56
			Itaboraian										56.9 *
			Peligran										58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan										62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	Buntsandstein	251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh			255 *
				Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian			Leine		264.28
							265.3 *
				Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb			266.9
		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych						Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8